Organizational Behavior Revision Sheet free essay sample

Talk about four different ways to lessen misinterpretations when speaking with individuals from an alternate culture. 3) Describe the correspondence procedure. Clarify the pieces of this procedure. Case 1 Your companys HR chief is a devotee to characteristic speculations of authority. He accepts that he can separate pioneers from non-pioneers by concentrating on close to home characteristics and attributes. He requests your ability in pushing him to apply attribute hypothesis to initiative choice inside your organization. While choosing people for administration positions, characteristic hypothesis recommends what of coming up next is least useful for distinguishing pioneers? An) Extraversion B) Conscientiousness C) Openness to encounter D) Agreeableness E) Ambition Case 2 The HR executive intends to advance Lawrence, an exceptionally outgoing administrator with a lot of decisiveness. The chief accepts that in view of his inborn attributes, Lawrence will be profoundly viable at helping the organization accomplish its creation objectives. You prompt the chief against this choice in light of the fact that Exploration has recognized enthusiastic solidness as the most grounded indicator of initiative viability. You exhort the chief against this choice in light of the fact that. Exploration has recognized enthusiastic solidness as the most grounded indicator of initiative viability. B) Studies have discovered that the Big Five attributes are hard to distinguish in pioneers. C) Studies have indicated that exceptionally self-assured pioneers were less compelling than the individuals who were respectably confident. D) Research has discovered that principles is a superior indicator of viability than extraversion. E) Research has demonstrated that compelling supervisors are regularly far-fetched to become successful pioneers. Case 3 You are a representative in a huge association. In this association, there are two ranking directors. The first of these troughs, John, values his capacity to enable his subordinates to comprehend their jobs in accomplishing organization objectives. He characterizes obvious strides for his subordinates to use in finishing ventures, and rewards them for utilizing demonstrated systems. The subsequent administrator, Alan, feels that his job ought to be to give individualized thought and scholarly incitement. His methodology supports imaginative critical thinking and the advancement of new thoughts. The vast majority of the laborers accept that the two heads are very much prepared, yet Alans representatives comment that Alan appears to have a unique administration quality that separates him from different administrators. In his job as administrator, Alan no doubt shows the entirety of the accompanying characteristics.Engaging in unpredictable conduct B) Making self-penances C) Acting in his own eventual benefits D) Setting a model for others to follow 1) Communication must incorporate both the  and the comprehension of significance. A) Transportation B) Interpretation C) Writing D) Transfer E) Intention The capacity to impact a gathering in objective accomplishment B) Keeping request and consistency amidst change C) Implementing the vision and methodology gave by the executives D) Coordinating and staffing the association and taking care of everyday issues E) Not a pertinent variable in present day associations 3) Which of the accompanying articulations with respect to initiative is valid? An) All pioneers are supervisors. B) Formal rights empower administrators to lead successfully. C) All supervisors are pioneers. D) All pioneers are progressively better than supporters. Non-endorsed authority is frequently as significant as or more significant than formal impact. 4) Evidence today proposes that qualities can anticipate authority. This is basically because of the exploration encompassing A) The Big Five. B) American Presidents. C) Behavioral hypotheses. D) Emotional insight. E) All of the over 5) Which two basic qualities of pioneers are a piece of the Big Five character attribute of extraversion? A) Conscientiousness and appropriateness B) Ambition and vitality C) Energy and receptiveness to encounter D) Ambition and scruples E) Energy and enthusiastic solidness.

History of Medical Education With Emphasis to Its Formal Origins Essay

History of Medical Education With Emphasis to Its Formal Origins - Essay Example This paper focuses on that toward the century's end America despite everything battled to determine the issues of its clinical instruction. It is clear there was an acknowledgment that changes ought to be gotten request to cure the circumstance so as to change American clinical instruction along the lines of European clinical schools. In any case, genuine change of American clinical instruction didn't begin until Carnegie Foundation distributed celebrated report of Abraham Flexner Medical training in the United States and Canada This report involved enormous changes in the nature of instruction that American clinical schools gave. The way that these changes were not executed in the USA toward the finish of nineteenth century can be clarified by a few reasons. First the USA was a relatively youthful nation and couldn't give as much chances to the exploration as possible. Barely any specialists were among the principal pilgrims of the USA (halfway because of the restricted opportunities for their training in the landmass), and the societal position of the individuals who settled in America was similarly low. A large portion of the clinical schools that were established depended on the expenses of their understudies, though in Western European nations Government took dynamic part in financing of clinical instructive foundations. As the clinical schools were battling in the USA to discover sufficient funds they needed to consider the desires and wants of the understudies, who needed to get their clinical recogni tions as fast as could be expected under the circumstances, which positively thusly involved the settling for what is most convenient option of clinical training.

Blog Archive MBA News Misguided Student Takes on Professor Galloway

Blog Archive MBA News Misguided Student Takes on Professor Galloway A few weeks ago, we posted Wharton Vice-Dean Jains response to a student who protested the Deans letter suggesting that students consider academics ahead of a ski trip (see: Misguided Students Takes on Dean Jain.) Well, it seems that a Stern student has bitten off more than he can chew as well. See the sequence below Sent: Tuesday, February 9, 2010 7:15:11 PM GMT -08:00 US/Canada Pacific Subject: Brand Strategy Feedback Prof. Galloway, I would like to discuss a matter with you that bothered me. Yesterday evening I entered your 6pm Brand Strategy class approximately 1 hour late. As I entered the room, you quickly dismissed me, saying that I would need to leave and come back to the next class. After speaking with several students who are taking your class, they explained that you have a policy stating that students who arrive more than 15 minutes late will not be admitted to class. As of yesterday evening, I was interested in three different Monday night classes that all occurred simultaneously. In order to decide which class to select, my plan for the evening was to sample all three and see which one I like most. Since I had never taken your class, I was unaware of your class policy. I was disappointed that you dismissed me from class considering (1) there is no way I could have been aware of your policy and (2) considering that it was the first day of evening classes and I arrived 1 hour late (not a few minutes), it was more probable that my tardiness was due to my desire to sample different classes rather than sheer complacency. I have already registered for another class but I just wanted to be open and provide my opinion on the matter. Regards, xxxx xxxx MBA 2010 Candidate NYU Stern School of Business xxxx.nyu.edu xxx-xxx-xxxx The Reply: Sent: Tuesday, February 9, 2010 9:34:02 PM GMT -08:00 US/Canada Pacific Subject: Re: Brand Strategy Feedback xxxx: Thanks for the feedback. I, too, would like to offer some feedback. Just so I’ve got this straight…you started in one class, left 15-20 minutes into it (stood up, walked out mid-lecture), went to another class (walked in 20 minutes late), left that class (again, presumably, in the middle of the lecture), and then came to my class. At that point (walking in an hour late) I asked you to come to the next class which “bothered” you. Correct? You state that, having not taken my class, it would be impossible to know our policy of not allowing people to walk in an hour late. Most risk analysis offers that in the face of substantial uncertainty, you opt for the more conservative path or hedge your bet (e.g., do not show up an hour late until you know the professor has an explicit policy for tolerating disrespectful behavior, check with the TA before class, etc.). I hope the lottery winner that is your recently crowned Monday evening Professor is teaching Judgement and Decision Making or Critical Thinking. In addition, your logic effectively means you cannot be held accountable for any code of conduct before taking a class. For the record, we also have no stated policy against bursting into show tunes in the middle of class, urinating on desks or taking that revolutionary hair removal system for a spin. However, xxxx, there is a baseline level of decorum (i.e., manners) that we expect of grown men and women who the admissions department have deemed tomorrow’s business leaders. xxxx, let me be more serious for a moment. I do not know you, will not know you and have no real affinity or animosity for you. You are an anonymous student who is now regretting the send button on his laptop. It’s with this context I hope you register pause…REAL pause xxxx and take to heart what I am about to tell you: xxxx, get your shit together. Getting a good job, working long hours, keeping your skills relevant, navigating the politics of an organization, finding a live/work balance…these are all really hard, xxxx. In contrast, respecting institutions, having manners, demonstrating a level of humility…these are all (relatively) easy. Get the easy stuff right xxxx. In and of themselves they will not make you successful. However, not possessing them will hold you back and you will not achieve your potential which, by virtue of you being admitted to Stern, you must have in spades. It’s not too late xxxx… Again, thanks for the feedback. Professor Galloway Share ThisTweet New York University (Stern) News

The Role and Effect of International Business Strategies - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2116 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Cause and effect essay Did you like this example? The survival and progression of businesses in the 21st century is highly dependent on the ability of firms to expand beyond their national borders, taking into account the cost effectiveness of expansion and the complexity and risks associated with the companys chosen international business strategy (Peng, Wang, Jiang, 2008). The resources and objectives of a firm, as well as the demand for their product outside their national borders are important in taking the decision to globalise a companys products and/or services (Miller, 1992). Although three strategies are more common in the management literature, namely multi domestic, global and transnational approaches, the fourth strategy available to firms, according to Barlett and Ghoshal (1989) is the international approach to global expansion. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Role and Effect of International Business Strategies" essay for you Create order This essay will analyse the two approaches that differ in local responsiveness and cost pressure for the business, with the international approach as the least responsive and expensive for the company and the transnational approach as the most costly and locally focused from the four options available to companies. To start with, local responsiveness of multinational corporations is often a matter of mutual expectations of the company expanding into a region and the local customers demands and needs (Gomez-Mejia Palich, 1997). For instance, food and beverage companies from the Western world (i.e. the US or the UK) expanding into Asian countries need to integrate certain products in their range that suit the demands of local consumers (Watson, 2006). As such, the role of the transnational approach is to enable companies from a culturally distinct country to penetrate a new market successfully (London Hart, 2004). There are both positive and negative effects of the transnational a pproach. Developing a business model and manufacturing strategies is a costly process for any company and changing this for the purpose of integrating new products specific to a region is an additional financial pressure for multinational companies (Zaheer, 1995). Although the negative impact of local adaptation may deter some firms from adopting this strategy, the success of companies like McDonalds which take this approach proves that the additional costs can increase the chances of global success and the return on investment (ROI) for the company (Luo, 2001). The core advantage of the transnational approach is the potential of multinational firms to compete with local counterparts in a more effective manner through offering local products alongside their already established reputation (Dawar Frost, 1999). High levels of local responsiveness also ensures that the reputation in the new region contributes to the ethical image and the overall CSR of a multinational company (Husted Allen, 2006). Large corporations are often accused of unethical conduct due to the cost competitiveness with the local providers, as international firms often perfect their manufacturing techniques in order to reduce all the time and resource waste, therefore allowing them to compete with local firms (Meyer, 2004). An increasing number of countries have launched campaigns which promote local companies over the international competitors claiming that regional businesses understand the needs and desires of their customer base more, unlike the multinational firms (Kapferer, 2002). This underlines the importance of local responsiveness, as the resistance of local customers decreases when a multinational demonstrates a desire to first understand the locals behaviour and adjust their strategy accordingly when entering a new region (Prahalad Doz, 1999). In spite of the important role and effect of the transnational approach, there are multiple companies which have succeeded despite the ir disregard of the local customers specific needs and desires (Samiee Roth, 1992). These companies opted for internationalisation as a strategy for global expansion, relying on the recognisability of their brand name, logo, specific products, packaging, etc. A successful company which took this approach in their international expansion is Starbucks, who launched their very specific coffee shops across the world aiming to take over the market share of local coffee shops through offering a very specific experience, rather than focusing exclusively on the beverages offered (Harrison, 2005). Although the local Starbucks coffee shops across the world offer some specific products, such as a variety of green tea products in Asian countries, the core product sold by Starbucks is the experience that customers enjoy alongside their chosen beverage (Gaudio, 2003). Whilst it was difficult at start for Starbucks to maintain a standardised approach to the design of their customer experience, ta king over local coffee shop chains and their clientele has proven to be a successful tactic (Loeb, 2013). This international approach therefore reduces the initial cost pressure through taking over a large share of the customers of former cafÃÆ' ©s in the local region and the premises which were built and used for an identical purpose (Barkema Vermeulen, 1998). Rebranding the coffee shops in order to maintain a standard image is less expensive than building coffee shops from scratch, in addition to the existing customer base that the American giant is able to take over (Gaviria, 2012). In consequence, the role of the international approach as an expansion tactic is to allow companies to expand quickly, cost effectively and effortlessly (Contractor, Kumar, Kundu, 2007). The effect of the tactic is a positive one from a financial viewpoint and, more often than not, a negative one from a reputation point of view, as citizens perceive this approach to disregard any specific cultura l aspect of the region that multinationals penetrate. It is, therefore, obvious that each of these two approaches have their advantages and disadvantages for the company aiming to explore a new region, the local competition and the customer base in the country. However, companies must take into account the impact of the global mobility of the workforce and the extent to which social media influences the demands of customers and the reputation of a multinational firm (Okazaki Taylor, 2013). The role and effect of both international business strategies are influenced by these elements, as consistency in a multinationals approach is even more important in the light of individuals travelling on a regular basis for business and work purposes and the ability of people all over the world to share information via social media (Jin, Park, Kim, 2008). In other words, a company must set their priorities from the onset of internationalisation in order to maximise their earning potential an d the international reputation through their chosen tactic for global reach (Vrontis, Thrassou, Lamprianou, 2009). As a result of this, both the role and the effect of the international business strategies are enhanced in the long run, as companies are less able to change their view on the approach to conquering new regions. Well established Western companies must ponder over the decision of investing capital in the transnational approach, as their lack of success of competing against local companies could mean that their financial loss may never be recuperated (Prahalad Doz, 1999). On the other hand, without an adaptation to the locals needs and desires an international companys ability to succeed may be compromised, but the financial impact of this failure will not be as great as that supported by companies who invest capital in adaptation (Solberg, 2002). Companies must take into account all of the influencing factors, particularly those that stem from cultural elements of t he destination country, when opting for an international business strategy (Drogendijk Slangen, 2006). The gains of the company must be maximised through international expansion and the best solution is often dependent on the capital that the multinational is willing to invest in the their global strategy, as well as the market positioning of local competitors and the resistance of local consumers to new and international products or services. The emergence of social media also offers multinational companies an advantage, as the contact between individuals from distinct areas makes it possible for demand in one country for a particular brand to grow through online advertising of particular products (Kaplan Haenlein, 2010). The international tactic is therefore made easy by the ability to promote a company through social media and export products, without any concern for local adaptation, through online shopping. On the other hand, the success of companies with brick and mortar sho ps in new region is significantly higher than that of companies that rely exclusively on online retail (Steinfield, Adelaar, Liu, 2005). In addition to this, not all regions have the same level of trust towards online shopping, as the security concerns in some regions are significantly higher, particularly when no efforts of local adaptation are made by the international firm (Bart, Shankar, Sultan, Urban, 2005). In conclusion, the role and effect of international business strategies are crucial in the success of expanding a business beyond its national borders, but the potential of these can only be maximised when taking into account other elements that contribute to the internationalisation, such as local culture, the demands, needs and wants of customer base targeted, etc. The impact of the chosen strategy must be thoroughly analysed by a firm, as international strategies require consistency over time in the approach taken. In consequence, the advantages and disadvantages pr esented in this essay must be weighed against the multinationals company mission and their future plans in order to opt for one of the two extremes, transnational or internationalisation approach, or the two other options in between, global or multinational approach. Bibliography Barkema, H. G., Vermeulen, F. (1998). International Expansion Through Start-Up or Acquisition: A Learning Perspective. Journal of Academy Management, 41(1), 7-26. Barlett, C. A., Ghoshal, S. (1989). Matrix management: not a structure, a frame of mind. Harvard Business Review, 68(4), 138-145. Bart, Y., Shankar, V., Sultan, F., Urban, G. L. (2005). Are the drivers and role of online trust the same for all web sites and consumers? A large-scale exploratory empirical study. Journal of Marketing, 69(4), 133-152. Contractor, F. J., Kumar, V., Kundu, S. K. (2007). Nature of the relationship between international expansion and performance: The case of emerging market firms. Journal of World Business, 42(4), 401-417. Dawar, N., Frost, T. (1999). Competing with giants: Survival strategies for local companies in emerging markets. Harvard Business Review, 77(1), 119-132. Drogendijk, R., Slangen, A. (2006). Hofstede, Schwartz, or managerial perceptions? The effects of diffe rent cultural distance measures on establishment mode choices by multinational enterprises. International Business Review, 15(4), 361-380. Gaudio, R. P. (2003). Coffeetalk: Starbucksà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ and the commercialization of casual conversation. Language in Society, 32(5), 659-691. Gaviria, D. (2012, April 5). An American Coffee Company in Paris à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Starbucks Rebrands French Stores. Retrieved June 16, 2015, from Branding Magazine: https://www.brandingmagazine.com/2012/04/05/an-american-coffee-company-in-paris-starbucks-rebrands-french-stores/ Gomez-Mejia, L. R., Palich, L. E. (1997). Cultural Diversity and the Performance of Multinational Firms. Journal of International Business Studies, 28(2), 309-335. Harrison, J. S. (2005). Exporting a North American Concept to Asia Starbucks in China. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 46(2), 275-283. Husted, B. W., Allen, D. B. (2006). Corporate social responsibility in the multinational enterprise: strategic and i nstitutional approaches. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(1), 838-849. Jin, B., Park, J. Y., Kim, J. (2008). Cross-cultural examination of the relationships among firm reputation, e-satisfaction, e-trust, and e-loyalty. International Marketing Review, 25(3), 324-337. Kapferer, J. N. (2002). Is there really no hope for local brands? The Journal of Brand Management, 9(3), 163-170. Kaplan, A., Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59-68. Loeb, W. (2013, January 31). Starbucks: Global Coffee Giant Has New Growth Plans. Retrieved June 16, 2015, from Forbes: https://www.forbes.com/sites/walterloeb/2013/01/31/starbucks-global-coffee-giant-has-new-growth-plans/ London, T., Hart, S. L. (2004). Reinventing strategies for emerging markets: beyond the transnational model. Journal of International Business Studies, 35(1), 350-370. Luo, Y. (2001). Determinants of local responsiv eness: perspectives from foreign subsidiaries in an emerging market. Journal of Management, 27(4), 451-477. Meyer, K. E. (2004). Perspectives on multinational enterprises in emerging economies. Journal of International Business Studies, 35(1), 259-276. Miller, K. D. (1992). A Framework for Integrated Risk Management in International Business. Journal of International Business Studies, 23(2), 311-331. Okazaki, S., Taylor, C. R. (2013). Social media and international advertising: theoretical challenges and future directions. International Marketing Review, 30(1), 56-71. Peng, M. W., Wang, D. Y., Jiang, Y. (2008). An institution-based view of international business strategy: A focus on emerging economies. Journal of International Business Studies, 36(5), 920-936. Prahalad, C. K., Doz, Y. L. (1999). The Multinational Mission: Balancing Local Demands and Global Vision. New York: Simon Schuster. Samiee, S., Roth, K. (1992). The Influence of Global Marketing Standard ization on Performance. Journal of Marketing, 56(2), 1-17. Solberg, C. A. (2002). The perennial issue of adaptation or standardization of international marketing communication: organizational contingencies and performance. Journal of International Marketing, 10(3), 1-21. Steinfield, C., Adelaar, T., Liu, F. (2005). Click and mortar strategies viewed from the web: A content analysis of features illustrating integration between retailers online and offline presence. Electronic Markets, 15(3), 199-212. Vrontis, D., Thrassou, A., Lamprianou, I. (2009). International marketing adaptation versus standardisation of multinational companies. International Marketing Review, 26(4/5), 477-500. Watson, J. L. (2006). Golden Arches East: McDonalds in East Asia (2nd ed.). Stanford: Stanford University Press. Zaheer, S. (1995). Overcoming the liability of foreignness. Academy of Management Journal, 38(2), 341-363.

Internship Report - 1292 Words

|University of Hamburg |St. Petersburg State University | | |of Economics and Finance | MiBA Master of International Business Administration INTERNSHIP REPORT AT PALYTRA TRAVEL AGENGY Table of Contents 1. Explanation about how the internship was applied. 3 2. Description of the firm and the department. 3 3. Description of job and tasks during the internship. 4 4. Connection between study and practice. 5 5. Working Routine. 5 6. Supervision. 6 7. Expectations. 6 8. Results. 6 9.†¦show more content†¦Connection between study and practice. All my knowledge in service marketing and sales were very helpful and useful during my internship. They bring me a lot of new ideas to be focus on what I’m doing and what to expect from me. Particularly during my MiBA studies I loved to read marketing reports, they are all very useful to have a global vision to marketing strategies of the company. During my internship I saw how the marketing chief plans this report with a new form of planning that actually it’s use by programmers, it’s call â€Å"Planning Poker†, this game should force people to think independently and to avoid the influence of the other participants. That was something innovating for me. Working Routine. My working routine began with some lessons of sales force. Learning Sales Force was quite an experience as the company use this CRM system to automate all sales procedures such as mass mail for all leads, creation of itineraries, tracking leads activities with html codes scripts on our mails signatures, and even making a whole travel plane for internal needs (internal reports, costs, products to add) and beautiful templates for final costumers. This study took about 3-4 hours per day. Then, I checked my email from Gmail, and also I have an email application from Mac, which contains 5 other email accounts for all mail accounts I had for the company. 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The Moral Responsibilities of Multinational Corporations...

Multinational companies like Caltex have a moral obligation to improve the living conditions of the citizens who live and work in those countries. Their role cannot be limited to increasing shareholder value, while perpetuating and fortifying political regimes that persecute and discriminate a group, or groups of their citizenry. I liken this to reforestation, and the responsibility that governments and corporations have to our planet. A corporation cannot simply make a profit and deplete natural and human resources; it needs to give back to that country and its communities. Under South Africas apartheid government, the Black majority was not given the same opportunities to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness as the White†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ By investing in South Africa, American companies inevitably strengthen the status quo of white supremacy. †¦ The leasing of a computer, the establishment of a new plant, the selling of supplies to the military all have political overtones. †¦ And among the country’s white community, the overriding goal of politics is maintenance of white control. In the words of Prime Minister John Vorster †¦ â€Å"We are building a nation for whites only† (Velazquez, 2006, p. 58). Although I have spent my entire adult life in business, I am certain that I would have supported each of the stockholder resolutions that â€Å"the Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility announced† as â€Å"some of its subscribing members owned stock in Texaco, Inc. and in Standard Oil Co. of California (SoCal).† (Velazquez M. , 2006, p. 59). As the text further states, â€Å"Caltex was actively supporting policies that were unjust because they laid burdens on Blacks that Whites did not have to bear† (Velazquez, 2006, p. 59). As a proponent of justice and people’s rights, I do not agree with the â€Å"utilitarian standard of morality† (Velazquez, 2006, p. 59). I view the horrors of apartheid in a similar fashion as I view the Holocaust. 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Historical Studies Mobility Stratification â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Historical Studies Of Mobility Stratification? Answer: Introduction In recent times, there have been concerns about the rise in obesity and overweight that poses great risk to a peoples health. However, of importance in this paper, is to look at how socioeconomic status, especially in developed countries increase the potential for such conditions. In particular, this paper focuses on obesity and overweight in diverse socioeconomic status in developed countries. In addition to that, it is important to look at various ways of measuring inequality by use of either socioeconomic status or obesity and overweight (Hill, Peters,1998). The concerns about the inequality are not new but have spread and continue to widen over the last fifty years. Thus, there is a trend that is important for one to take note. On the other hand, structural resources help us understand socio-economic inequalities in many ways. Laws, guidelines, and policies exist within given countries which influences socioeconomic status and inequalities of those countries. Thus, what are some of the lobby groups that campaign against inequality in developed countries (Caballero, 2007). By use of various resources such as mainstream media, they will aid in forming explanations for addressing the problem. Last but most importantly, the paper will demonstrate examples of these media outlets that can be useful as far as the case study under discussion is concerned. Overweight/ Obesity about developed countries Concerns about overweight and obesity cannot be overemphasized. Biologically, it becomes as a result of one having excess intake of energy than the one given out, which leads to deposition of fats and in effect, increase in body weight. One is overweight when he or she has excess body adiposity. By BMI standards, overweight is having a BMI of the range of 25-31. On the other hand, one is described as obese; or rather obesity is having a BMI of more than 30 in both females and males (Finkelstein, Ruhm, Kosa, 2005). In developed countries, there is an increase in these two conditions. There are many factors that research attributes to this increase in obesity and overweight in developed countries. These factors include but are not limited to culture, socioeconomic status, policies, rules and regulations among others. Taking socioeconomic status, for instance, it has various implications on how a person lives, what he or she eats and the activities that he or she engages in. All these factors have potential impact, either negatively or positively on his or her health status (Nestle et al.,1998). In developed countries, there exist three groups that can be categorized as classes. These are the rich, or upper class, also known as the elites. Secondly, there is the middle class, and lastly, there exists the lower class or the poor. The upper class and the rich live relatively well regarding to meeting their basic needs while the lower class or the poor struggle to make ends meet (Hatzenbuehler, Phelan, Link, 2013). Therefore, living healthy entails many aspects which include being able to purchase healthy foodstuff. Research indicates that cheap goods or foodstuff in developed countries are mostly junky foods rich in sugar contents that pose serious threat to healthy and proper body weight of a person (Candib, 2007). Thus, the inequality, and in effect, socioeconomic status is a risk factor in lower class of becoming obese and overweight for they are unable to afford expensive and healthy food. On the other hand, this does not suggest that the elite or middle class live any be tter if recent research is anything to go by (Brownell, Warner, 2009). It appears that culture does not spare them either as they tend to prefer foods that are not healthy or this is causing an alarming rate of overweight and obese in developed countries. Measuring Inequality Inequalities in developed countries or any other society can be measured by use of various indicators. To start with educational attainment, this measure is vital as it represents the position that a person is ranked in society. Additionally, it determines the income and skills that one possesses. Thus, in determining the inequality of a country, it is crucial to look at the education level of her citizens (Diderichsen, Whitehead, Burstrm, 2001). Lastly, education level tells of the social class of a person, either among the elites or illiterate, with knowledge come wisdom, and therefore, this is an important element that tells the state of inequality in a country (Van Leeuwen, Maas, 2010). Another way of measuring inequality is by use of income. It represents the amount of salary or wages one gets and his financial ability. In showing inequality, income is important in dividing people into various groups, that is, those able to live a decent life and those not able to live a decen t life. In addition to that, there is also wealth (Boero, 2009). This represents the amount of income or assets that one possesses; inequality and socioeconomic status can also be demonstrated by assets or money in accounts that one has verses those without anything. Lastly, another way of measuring inequality is by use of poverty indicators. This is vital in the sense that those below the poverty line are of different class from those above the poverty line and the gap comes out clearly when looking at the things that they can afford (Metzl, Hansen, 2014). On the other hand, obesity and overweight is a condition that is common among people of lower classes and by looking at the number of people suffering from this condition, it can be an indicator in representing inequalities of developed countries. Trend in obesity and inequality in the past 50 years Obesity and overweight are on the rise for over fifty years in developed nations, and especially in the United States of America. In addition to that, there is also an increase in the gap between the elite and those of lower classes (Pickett, Wilkinson, 2015). Research indicates that in the last fifty years, there is a trend of people adopting a sedentary kind of lifestyle. Moreover, statistics indicate that young people, especially students engaging in drinking and smoking (NCD Risk Factor Collaboration, 2016). This has seen an increase in obesity and overweight among people in the last fifty years. The World Health Organization has for instance caution the United States that her adults risk being suffering from obesity and overweight in coming years if they do not check on their diet and culture. Structural Resources Laws, policies, rules, regulations or guidelines are instrumental in governing any state. They also determine the culture of a particular state and how the society is shaped. As far as the issue in question is concerned, these aspects have a greater influence on the tax of commodities, what is consumed by the society, information and knowledge that people have and affordability of food staff (Robertson, 2014). In addition to that, they also determine socioeconomic classes of her citizens. Thus, they are important to let anyone understand the causes of inequality and what are various ways that can be used to seal loopholes as it is evident that it is giving rise to health concerns. To start with laws and regulation, they determine tax on goods and peoples income. To increase tax on healthy foodstuff, poor people are not likely to be able to purchase while lowering such taxes and implementing rules favorable to the whole population about healthy foodstuff is synonymous to increasing th e health status of a given country (Heuer, McClure, Puhl, 2011). In addition to that, another way is to put in place laws and regulations that forbid the sale of alcohol or cigarettes to children under the age of 18 years. It is evident that it has a bearing on causing obesity and overweight and putting such measure will see people drinking responsibly at a mature age. Moreover, regulations can aid in subsidizing the tax levied on goods. This can help the poor to afford in buying healthy foodstuff. Lastly, policies are essential in controlling what a country imports or what it exports. Research indicates that over-processed foods can increase the chances of one being obese or overweight. Putting in place proper regulation will see imports of harmful substances being put at bay to save developed countries against canned and over processed foods. These are some of the ways that structural resources can make us understand and solve the problem. Influences of lobby groups To articulate and raise the grievances that are almost becoming a menace in developed nations, lobby groups, that is, industry manufacturers, health food advocacy and the media have a greater role to play in this part. To start with regulations, food industry lobby group can advise the state on how best to put regulations that will see them go through the transition of producing unhealthy foodstuffs to healthy ones. In addition to that, food industries groups can be at the forefront in the implementation of a regulation that advocates for healthy product for all classes by producing goods that are fit for consumption. In addition to that, it can be the responsibility of this industry and groups to educate the public on what is fit for consumption, by not only producing it but also fostering a cultural change. On the other hand, healthy food advocacy lobby groups can help in pointing out all the groups that violate laws that the state puts in place to curb unhealthy habit. Another rol e of healthy food advocacy is in educating the public on legislation concerning foodstuffs, cultures that are inclusive and healthy to avoid obesity and overweight and also serve and consultants in formulations of rules and regulations. On the other hand, the media personnels ought to act in a manner that informs the public on the dangers of one being obese and the guidelines that the government has put in place to rectify inequality. Maintaining Inequality On the other hand, the three resources may interact to hamper advocacy of equality and rather promote or maintain this trend in developed nations. To start with regulations food industry, an interaction between the two may make it difficult to have a balance in health status. In the sense that, those from the middle and upper class will continue to afford the goods they need, while the lower classes continue to subscribe to cheap and unhealthy foodstuffs. In addition to that, regulation and lobby groups may turn a blind eye, in that, by failing to raise the alarm on increased taxation among the lower classes. Lastly, the media has the responsibility of informing the public, on the right habits, culture that foster integration and healthy living and obtaining knowledge. Conclusion Thus, it is evident that inequality in developed countries is growing at an alarming rate. However, what is worrying is the rate at which this difference is making people obese and overweight. Over the past 50 years, there has been an increase in inequality that can be demonstrated by socioeconomic status. Some of the aspects that one can use to measure socioeconomic status include educational attainment, income, poverty, and wealth. However, to effectively understand this issue, it is essential to look at structural resources that are in place, this include but are not limited to factors such as rules and regulation, guidelines and policies. On the other hand, lobby groups can play a crucial role in advocating for the widening inequality, for instance, by advising the state, or by suggesting regulation that will lower taxes on goods. Additionally, they can advise the public on the habits that are healthy and do not lead to obesity and overweight. On the other hand, it is possible fo r some structure to integrate and maintain the inequality, for example, by advocating for laws that promote inequality. References Boero, N. (2009). Fat kids, working moms, and the epidemic of obesity: Race, class, and mother blame.The fat studies reader, 113-119. Brownell, K. D., Warner, K. E. (2009). The perils of ignoring history: Big Tobacco played dirty and millions died. How similar is Big Food?.The Milbank Quarterly,87(1), 259- 294. Caballero, B. (2007). The global epidemic of obesity: an overview.Epidemiologic reviews,29(1), 1-5. Candib, L. M. (2007). Obesity and diabetes in vulnerable populations: reflection on proximal and distal causes.The Annals of Family Medicine,5(6), 547-556. Diderichsen, F., Whitehead, M., Burstrm, B. (2001). Researching the impact of public policy on inequalities in health. InUnderstanding health inequalities(pp. 203-218). Open University Press. Finkelstein, E. A., Ruhm, C. J., Kosa, K. M. (2005). Economic causes and consequences of obesity.Annu. Rev. Public Health,26, 239-257. Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Phelan, J. C., Link, B. G. (2013). Stigma as a fundamental cause of population health inequalities.American journal of public health,103(5), 813-821. Heuer, C. A., McClure, K. J., Puhl, R. M. (2011). Obesity stigma in online news: a visual content analysis.Journal of health communication,16(9), 976-987. Hill, J. O., Peters, J. C. (1998). Environmental contributions to the obesity epidemic.Science,280(5368), 1371-1374. Metzl, J. M., Hansen, H. (2014). Structural competency: Theorizing a new medical engagement with stigma and inequality.Social Science Medicine,103, 126-133. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. (2016). Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19 2 million participants.The Lancet,387(10026), 1377-1396. Nestle, M., Wing, R., Birch, L., DiSogra, L., Drewnowski, A., Middleton, S., ... Economos, C. (1998). Behavioral and social influences on food choice.Nutrition reviews,56(5), 50-64. Pickett, K. E., Wilkinson, R. G. (2015). Income inequality and health: a causal review.Social Science Medicine,128, 316-326. Robertson, A. (2014). Obesity and inequities. Guidance for addressing inequities in overweight and obesity. Van Leeuwen, M. H., Maas, I. (2010). Historical studies of social mobility and stratification.Annual Review of Sociology,36, 429-451. Appendix Robertson, A. (2014). Obesity and inequities. Guidance for addressing inequities in overweight and obesity. Pickett, K. E., Wilkinson, R. G. (2015). Income inequality and health: a causal review.Social Science Medicine,128, 316-326. Metzl, J. M., Hansen, H. (2014). Structural competency: Theorizing a new medical engagement with stigma and inequality.Social Science Medicine,103, 126-133. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. (2016). Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19 2 million participants.The Lancet,387(10026), 1377-1396. Heuer, C. A., McClure, K. J., Puhl, R. M. (2011). Obesity stigma in online news: a visual content analysis.Journal of health communication,16(9), 976-987. Boero, N. (2009). Fat kids, working moms, and the epidemic of obesity: Race, class, and mother blame.The fat studies reader, 113-119.